✦ANOMALIA GRAVITATIS
OBSERVED
NASA GRAIL EXPERIMENT · BOUGUER GRAVITY ANOMALIES

The Gravity Moon

NASA GRAIL dual-spacecraft gravimetry, positive Bouguer mascon structures, crustal thinning beneath impact basins, and lunar mantle plug rebounds.

NASA PDS Geosciences NodeDiscipline: 02 // ASTRONOMIC

ANOMALIA GRAVITATIS · GUIDED MASCON SECTION

The Moon has a hidden relief.

Read a gravity anomaly as a buried landscape: basin, thin crust, dense plug, orbital consequence.

01 · IMPACT BASIN

A crater can hide a mountain of mass.

The visible basin is only the upper expression of a much deeper structure. GRAIL measured the gravity field that the eye cannot see through the regolith.

SELECT IMPACT BASINGRAIL · BOUGUER ANOMALY
Gravity anomaly+340 mGal
Crust beneath basin6.2 km
GRAIL CROSS-SECTIONMare Imbrium Mascon
BOUGUER ANOMALY PROFILE+340 mGalHIGHLAND CRUSTDENSE MANTLE PLUG · 6.2 KM CRUST1,145 KM BASIN DIAMETER · 3.85 GA
Excess mass1.8 × 10¹⁹ kgburied concentration
Basin age3.85 Gageologic record

Physical reading

Orbital perturbation field

The most prominent mass concentration on the near side. Dense mantle plug uplifted following giant impact, subsequently superloaded with 3–5 km of dense iron-rich flood basalt.

The selected basin drives the anomaly peak, cross-section, mass, and orbital reading.

GRAIL Crustal Gravity Anomaly & Mascon Model

Subsurface mantle uplift and dense basaltic fill across major lunar impact basins.

OBSERVED
Select Impact Basin Mascon:
Geophysical Crustal Cross-Section & Bouguer Anomaly ProfileAnomaly Peak: +340 Milligals
+340 mGal Positive Gravity Spike0 mGal BaselineHighland Crust (35 km)Highland Crust (35 km)Dense Mare Basalt Layer (3-5 km)Uplifted Dense Lunar Mantle Plug (Crust Thinned to 6.2 km)
Excess Mascon Mass1.8 × 10¹⁹ kg
Residual Crust Thickness6.2 km under basin
Basin Formation Age3.85 Billion Years

The most prominent mass concentration on the near side. Dense mantle plug uplifted following giant impact, subsequently superloaded with 3–5 km of dense iron-rich flood basalt.