References & Provenance is Lunologium’s complete source archive: the books, papers, public datasets, institutional records, software, and cultural works that inform its calculations, visualizations, research claims, and interpretive experiences. Each entry is labeled by epistemic role so observed telemetry, mathematical models, scholarship, tradition, and practice are not presented as the same kind of knowledge.
The archive is intentionally broader than the selected reading shelf on the methodology page. Route-level citations remain attached to the claims and instruments they support; this index provides the navigable ledger behind them.
A transparent index of what Lunologium calculates, measures, reads, inherits, and refuses to conflate.
Natural Earth / World Atlas contributors
Generalized country names and geometry for the astrocartography map. Natural Earth data are public domain; boundary conventions are geographic context, not an endorsement of territorial claims.
Natural Earth. (n.d.). Admin 0 country boundaries (1:110m). World Atlas 2.0.2. https://github.com/topojson/world-atlas
Esri, HERE, Garmin, OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community
Place-name tiles on the astrocartography map. Separate from Natural Earth country geometry and the planetary calculations; this service is not classified as public-domain imagery.
Esri. (n.d.). World Dark Gray Reference [Map service]. https://server.arcgisonline.com/ArcGIS/rest/services/Canvas/World_Dark_Gray_Reference/MapServer
Jean Meeus · 1998
Closed-form foundations for solar and lunar positions, phase geometry, and eclipse calculations.
Meeus, J. (1998). Astronomical algorithms (2nd ed.). Willmann-Bell.
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Solar System Dynamics Group
Numerical ephemeris benchmark for geocentric and topocentric celestial coordinates.
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. (n.d.). JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System.
U.S. Naval Observatory
Reference standards for rise/set timing, twilight, and observational sky calculations.
U.S. Naval Observatory. (n.d.). Astronomical Applications Department.
P. Kenneth Seidelmann & Sean E. Urban (eds.) · 2013
Coordinate systems, reference frames, time scales, and standards used to explain computed sky positions.
Urban, S. E., & Seidelmann, P. K. (Eds.). (2013). Explanatory supplement to the astronomical almanac (3rd ed.). University Science Books.
Michelle Chapront-Touzé & Jean Chapront · 1988
Analytical lunar theory underlying long-range phase, longitude, and libration modeling.
Chapront-Touzé, M., & Chapront, J. (1988). ELP 2000-82: A semi-analytical lunar ephemeris adequate for historical times. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 190, 342–352.
Jan Vondrák, Nicole Capitaine & Patrick Wallace · 2011
Long-term precession and reference-frame transformations for tropical, sidereal, and IAU views.
Vondrák, J., Capitaine, N., & Wallace, P. (2011). New precession expressions valid for long time intervals. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 534, A22.
Fred Espenak & Jean Meeus · 2009
Published eclipse canon used for the long-range lunar eclipse archive.
Espenak, F., & Meeus, J. (2009). Five millennium canon of lunar eclipses: -1999 to +3000. NASA/TP-2009-214173.
Peter Goldreich · 1966
Physical context for synchronous rotation, tidal locking, and the Moon’s rotational state.
Goldreich, P. (1966). Final spin states of planets and satellites. The Astronomical Journal, 71(1), 1–7.
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Orbital imaging, laser altimetry, thermal observations, and landing-site context for the lunar surface atlas.
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. (n.d.). Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission archive.
David E. Smith, Maria T. Zuber, Gregory A. Neumann, et al. · 2010
Primary published basis for the global LOLA topographic grid shown in the atlas and surface studies.
Smith, D. E., Zuber, M. T., Neumann, G. A., et al. (2010). Initial observations from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA). Geophysical Research Letters, 37(18), L18204.
Grant Heiken, David Vaniman & Bevan French (eds.) · 1991
Reference work for regolith, petrology, lunar materials, and Apollo sample interpretation.
Heiken, G. H., Vaniman, D. T., & French, B. M. (Eds.). (1991). Lunar sourcebook: A user’s guide to the Moon. Cambridge University Press.
John A. Wood, John S. Dickey, Ursula B. Marvin & B. N. Powell · 1970
Historical geochemical foundation for the lunar highlands and magma-ocean narrative.
Wood, J. A., Dickey, J. S., Marvin, U. B., & Powell, B. N. (1970). Lunar anorthosites and a hypothetical lunar magma ocean. Proceedings of the Apollo 11 Lunar Science Conference, 1, 965–988.
Qiu-Li Li, Qin Zhou, Yu Liu, et al. · 2021
Published geochronology for the young Chang’E-5 basalt represented in the sample atlas.
Li, Q.-L., Zhou, Q., Liu, Y., et al. (2021). Two billion-year-old volcanism on the Moon from Chang’E-5 basalts. Nature, 600, 54–58.
NASA Johnson Space Center Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science
Catalog provenance for sample identifiers, mission context, weights, and published sample records.
NASA Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science. (n.d.). Lunar sample catalog.
International Astronomical Union & U.S. Geological Survey
Official names, approval dates, feature classes, and namesake provenance for lunar geography.
International Astronomical Union Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature. (n.d.). Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Measured water levels and harmonic constituents for comparing astronomical tide with storm-surge residuals.
NOAA Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services. (n.d.). Tides and currents.
Christian Cajochen, S. Altanay-Şahin, Manfred Münch, et al. · 2013
Controlled laboratory study represented in the skeptical chronobiology matrix.
Cajochen, C., Altanay-Şahin, S., Münch, M., et al. (2013). Evidence that the lunar cycle influences human sleep. Current Biology, 23(15), 1485–1488.
L. Casiraghi, I. Spiousas, G. P. Dunster, et al. · 2021
Field and actigraphy evidence connecting sleep timing with lunar illumination and phase.
Casiraghi, L., Spiousas, I., Dunster, G. P., et al. (2021). Moonstruck sleep: Synchronization of human sleep with the moon cycle under field conditions. Science Advances, 7(5), eabe0465.
C. Helfrich-Förster, S. Monecke, I. Spiousas, et al. · 2021
A research-archive entry whose result should remain explicitly qualified as intermittent and contested rather than universal.
Helfrich-Förster, C., Monecke, S., Spiousas, I., et al. (2021). Women temporarily synchronize their menstrual cycles with the luminance and gravimetric cycles of the Moon. Science Advances, 7(5), eabe1358.
Thomas A. Wehr · 2018
Small-sample emerging hypothesis, explicitly labeled as such in the research matrix.
Wehr, T. A. (2018). Bipolar mood cycles and lunar tidal cycles. Molecular Psychiatry, 23(4), 923–931.
R. C. Babcock, G. D. Bull, P. L. Harrison, et al. · 1986
Comparative natural-rhythm example in the research archive.
Babcock, R. C., Bull, G. D., Harrison, P. L., et al. (1986). Synchronous multispecific spawning on coral reefs: Philosophy, evidence and mechanism. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 29, 229–237.
James Rotton & Ivan W. Kelly · 1985
Null finding used to prevent the research archive from presenting lunar folklore as medical fact.
Rotton, J., & Kelly, I. W. (1985). Much ado about the full moon: A meta-analysis of lunar-lunacy research. Psychological Bulletin, 97(2), 286–306.
Peter W. Barlow & Jörg Fisahn · 2012
Scholarly context for the garden route, kept distinct from biodynamic practice claims.
Barlow, P. W., & Fisahn, J. (2012). The influence of the lunar cycle on plant growth. Annals of Botany, 110(2), 301–318.
Ernst Rudolf Zürcher · 1999
Verified article replacing the previously unverified book title; useful as a clearly labeled research source, not a general scientific consensus claim.
Zürcher, E. R. (1999). Lunar rhythms in forestry traditions: Lunar-correlated phenomena in tree biology and wood properties. Earth, Moon and Planets, 85–86, 463–478.
Kewei Yuan, Lu Zheng & Qiaoqiao Zhu · 2006
Primary literature for the Market Tides lunar-return comparison.
Yuan, K., Zheng, L., & Zhu, Q. (2006). Are investors moonstruck? Lunar phases and stock returns. Journal of Empirical Finance, 13(1), 1–23.
Ilia D. Dichev & Troy D. Janes · 2001
Early empirical comparison used alongside later market-return studies.
Dichev, I. D., & Janes, T. D. (2001). Lunar cycle effects in stock returns. SSRN Electronic Journal.
E. Akyildirim, Ö. Çepni, S. Corbet & G. S. Uddin · 2021
Crypto-market comparison source; not a trading recommendation.
Akyildirim, E., Cepni, O., Corbet, S., & Uddin, G. S. (2021). The lunar effect on cryptocurrency returns and volatility. International Review of Financial Analysis, 78, 101904.
Donald A. Bradley · 1947
Historical astrology-and-markets source shown as archival context, never as validated predictive finance.
Bradley, D. A. (1947). Stock market prediction: The planetary barometer. Llewellyn Publications.
R. K. Brahmana, C. W. Hooy & Z. Ahmad · 2012
Behavioral-finance literature used to frame astrological-market claims as testable historical hypotheses.
Brahmana, R. K., Hooy, C. W., & Ahmad, Z. (2012). Is Mercury in retrograde? Examining superstitious beliefs in international equity returns. Journal of Behavioral Finance, 13(4), 289–301.
Anna Krivelyova & Cesare Robotti · 2003
Historical comparison between environmental cycles and market returns; not a causal or trading claim.
Krivelyova, A., & Robotti, C. (2003). Playing the field: Geomagnetic storms and the stock market (Working Paper 2003-5b). Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.
Louise McWhirter · 1938
Historical source preserved for lineage and comparison, not treated as empirical evidence.
McWhirter, L. (1938). Astrology and stock market forecasting. American Federation of Astrologers.
Kenneth R. French, Dartmouth College
Contextual reading only. Lunologium does not fetch or use the Kenneth R. French Data Library in either generated Markets dataset or its calendar-controlled OLS analysis.
French, K. R. (n.d.). Kenneth R. French Data Library.
Yahoo Finance
Historical source reviewed during a rights audit. Yahoo-acquired market records are not currently published by Lunologium, and no public-display, derived-output, raw-redistribution, or repository license is inferred from public visibility. See the data-rights review before considering any future source.
Yahoo Finance. (n.d.). Historical market data [Data set]. https://finance.yahoo.com/
SciPy contributors
Technical reference for pooled independent-sample permutation tests and the plus-one adjustment for randomized p-values. Lunologium implements the method locally in TypeScript and does not import SciPy: 1,000 seeded Fisher–Yates shuffles without replacement preserve New Moon / Full Moon octant group sizes. Its empirical p = (count(|draw| >= |observed|) + 1) / 1001 uses an absolute-statistic two-sided convention, which differs from SciPy's default twice-the-smaller-tail convention. Exchangeability is assumed; serial dependence and multiple comparisons are not controlled.
SciPy contributors. (n.d.). scipy.stats.permutation_test. SciPy documentation. https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/generated/scipy.stats.permutation_test.html
statsmodels developers
Technical reference for ordinary least squares with an explicitly supplied intercept and covariates. Lunologium implements the equivalent OLS coefficient calculation locally in TypeScript and does not import statsmodels. It compares New Moon with Full Moon 45-degree octants, controlling for weekday, calendar month, and calendar turn of month (dates 1–3 or the final calendar date). The coefficient is a descriptive conditional association in percentage points, not a causal effect or a robust-significance claim.
statsmodels developers. (n.d.). Ordinary least squares. statsmodels documentation. https://www.statsmodels.org/stable/generated/statsmodels.regression.linear_model.OLS.html
Evelyna Bellamy · 2026
Release-status manifest for the formerly planned Market Observatory. The prior provider-derived artifact is withheld; this endpoint does not publish historical observations or derived statistics until source rights are established.
Bellamy, E. (2026). Market Observatory: Lunar phase profiles and observed coverage (Version 2) [Data set]. Lunologium. https://lunologium.com/api/market-observatory.json
Carl Sagan · 1980
Cultural and editorial influence on presenting astronomy as both disciplined inquiry and human wonder.
Sagan, C. (1980). Cosmos. Random House.
Alexandra Loske & Robert Massey · 2018
Cultural-history reference for the Moon’s visual, scientific, and symbolic life.
Loske, A., & Massey, R. (2018). Moon: Art, science, culture. Octopus Publishing Group.
Maria Thun · 2010
Historical practice text for the garden route; included as a tradition, not as validated lunar agronomy.
Thun, M. (2010). The biodynamic year. Temple Lodge Press.
Sarah Faith Gottesdiener · 2020
Contemporary interpretive influence for reflective and ritual experiences; not an astronomy source.
Gottesdiener, S. F. (2020). The moon book: Lunar magic to change your life. St. Martin’s Essentials.
Ezzie Spencer · 2018
Practice-oriented influence for eight-phase reflection and intention-setting; not a predictive model.
Spencer, E. (2018). Lunar abundance: Cultivating joy, peace, and purpose using the phases of the Moon. Running Press.
OurResearch
Bibliographic discovery and citation-metadata layer behind the research archive.
OurResearch. (n.d.). OpenAlex: An open catalog of the global research system.
Open-source JavaScript project
Client-side phase classification dependency named in the computational methodology.
lunarphase-js. (n.d.). JavaScript lunar phase calculation library.
Vladimir Agafonkin
Client-side rise, set, and solar-position dependency used alongside astronomy-engine.
Agafonkin, V. (n.d.). SunCalc: Sunrise, sunset, moonrise, and moonset calculations.
Don Cross
Open-source computational dependency for high-precision solar-system positions and events.
Cross, D. (n.d.). Astronomy Engine: High-precision astronomy library.
NASA
Source and rights-context archive for the attributed historical lunar imagery used across the site.
NASA. (n.d.). NASA Image and Video Library.
A dataset records measurements. A model computes a result. A paper evaluates a claim. A cultural or practice work documents a human relationship with the Moon.
Inclusion does not equal endorsement. Practice and tradition entries are not scientific validation, medical guidance, or financial advice.
The methodology page keeps a smaller selected shelf for human orientation. This archive is the complete, route-linked ledger.